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<div class="sectionHeading">Main Description</div>
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        软件架构是一种无法以简单的一维方式进行说明的复杂实体。与鸟的翅膀进行类比颇具启发性。对鸟的翅膀不应从单一方面进行描述。相反，对它的描述应该是多方面的：羽毛、骨架、循环系统和肌肉视图等。在这些视图中，那些视图是翅膀的“架构”呢？它们都不是。那些视图能表现架构呢？它们都能表现架构。
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        视图是对一组系统元素及其关系的描述。
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    <li>
        什么是相关视图呢？它取决于你的目标。我们已经知道，架构文档能起到多种作用：实现者的任务说明、分析基础、系统理解和资产回收的起点或项目计划的蓝图。不同的视图也会在不同程度上表现出不同的质量属性。因此，在系统开发过程中最为关心的质量属性将影响编档视图时对视图的选择。例如：分层视图能向你说明系统的可移植性，部署视图允许你推断系统的性能和可靠性等等。
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        许多项目错误地将单一的划分方式强加给多个组件领域，例如，将线程等同于对象，将对象等同于模块，然后将模块等同于文件。这种划分方法不会取得圆满成功，最终仍然必须进行调整，但初始意图造成的损害通常是很难修复的。这样做无疑会导致一些开发问题，偶尔也会出现最终产品问题。
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    <li>
        NUP采用4+1视图的形式描述软件架构，相关的内容参见指南<a class="elementLink" href="./../../../rup/guidances/guidelines/software_architecture_document_F4C93435.html" guid="2.9494785550310917E-305">软件架构文档</a>。<br />
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<a href="./../../../nup_base/guidances/guidelines/documenting_software_architecture_guide_D6189763.html" guid="_LlLnYFlKEd2GAdmlfSDTDg">架构编档指南</a>
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